en عمومى General مقاله اصیل Original Article <div style="text-align: justify;">Background: Today, iron oxide nanoparticles are produced in various structural shapes and formulas for industrial and medical applications. The widespread use of these nanoparticles highlights the need to consider their health effects.<br> Methods: A549 human lung cell lines were cultured in 24- and 72-hours time exposure with hematite nano-cylinder (ferric oxide) and magnetite nano-sphere (Ferrosoferric Oxide) in a size of < 40 nm. The toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, and 250 &mu;g/ml on A549 cells was examined by measuring SDH activity, ROS generation, GSH content, MMP, and apoptosis-necrosis incidence rates.<br> Results: Hematite nanoparticles induced a significantly higher reduction in SDH activity compared to magnetite (P < 0.05) at concentrations of &ge; 50 &mu;g/ml. ROS generation was higher in cells exposed to magnetite for 24 hours (P < 0.05) but reversed at 72 hours, where hematite induced more ROS (P < 0.05). MMP and intracellular GSH content were significantly lower in hematite-exposed cells than magnetite, particularly at 250 &mu;g/ml (P < 0.05). Apoptosis-necrosis rates were substantially higher in hematiteexposed cells, with a 22% increase at 250 &mu;g/ml compared to magnetite (P < 0.05).<br> Conclusion: The results show that hematite nanoparticles are more toxic than magnetite nanoparticles on A549 cells. These findings clarify the importance of choosing the type of nanoparticle and its concentration in industrial and medical applications. For future research, there is a need to investigate the toxicity mechanisms and environmental effects of these nanoparticles.</div> Toxicity, Ferric oxide, Ferrosoferric oxide, Nanoparticles, A549 cells 1 10 http://ehemj.com/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1-397&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Athena Rafieepour arp_63@yahoo.com 100319475328460020678 100319475328460020678 No Air Pollution Research Center, Department of Occupational Health Engineering and Safety, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mansour Rezazadeh Azari mrazari@sbmu.ac.ir 100319475328460020679 100319475328460020679 Yes Corresponding author: Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3Air Pollution Research Rasul Nasiri Nasiri.ra@iums.ac.ir 100319475328460020680 100319475328460020680 No Air Pollution Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jalal Pourahmad jalal.pourahmmad@gmail.com 100319475328460020681 100319475328460020681 No Department of Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran