@article{ author = {Ighravwe, Desmond Eseoghene and Babatunde, Damilola Elizabeth}, title = {Evaluation of landfill gas plant siting problem: a multi-criteria approach}, abstract ={   Background: Landfill activities have environmental and economic values to a community. While the former deals with the control of landfill gas (LFG) emission into the atmosphere, the latter deals with the conversion of LFG to clean energy and subsequently, wealth creation. To fully harness these benefits, LFG plants must be well sited in a community, and this can be achieved when proper techno-economic analysis has been carried out. This will not only justify the LFG plants investment cost, but it will also guarantee their sustainability. Methods: This study presented a framework that ranks and selects LFG project for a community. First, numerical expressions were used to evaluate the techno-economic and environmental requirements of the project sites, then, the importance of these requirements was determined using Criteria Importance Through Inter-criteria Correlation (CRITIC) method. The sites were ranked using grey relational analysis (GRA) and Weighted Aggregated Sum-Product Assessment (WASPAS) method. An illustrative example of the proposed framework was presented using real-world dataset from different communities in Nigeria. Finally, four LFG project sites were ranked using four environmental criteria, five technical criteria, and eight economic criteria. Results: The results of WASPAS were verified by comparing them with the results of Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) and axiomatic design (AD) methods. It was observed that the results of both methods were the same for the different LFG sites. Conclusion: According to the results, it is obvious that this study will be useful to policy-makers and investors in LFG business, while the former could seek for plants’ sustainability, the latter interest will be on the payback period of their investment.}, Keywords = {Nigeria, Waste disposal facilities, Atmospheres, Environment, Investments}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {1-10}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.01}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-454-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-454-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Baghaie, Amir Hossein and Fereydoni, Mohamm}, title = {The potential risk of heavy metals on human health due to the daily consumption of vegetables}, abstract ={Background: Vegetables are one of the most important components of daily food. Thus, this research was done to evaluate the potential risk of heavy metals on human health due to the consumption of vegetables distributed in the fruits and vegetables central market of Arak, Iran. Methods: In this study, a total 45 samples from edible parts of parsley, mint, chard, fenugreek, cress, basil, coriander, lettuce, and cabbage distributed in the fruits and vegetables central market of Arak were randomly collected and the concentration of heavy metals including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As) in these crop plants was measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals intake through the consumption of the studied vegetables was evaluated for male and female using the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) method. Results: The highest and lowest Pb daily intake and Pb risk index was related to the consumption of cabbage and basil, respectively. And the highest daily intake of Cd and As was related to lettuce consumption, while the lowest daily intake of these metals was related to the consumption of coriander. Among the studied heavy metals, As had the highest hazard quotient (HQ) for non-carcinogenic diseases. The highest HQ belonged to As through lettuce consumption and the lowest one belonged to As through coriander consumption (58 g/day). The HQ for female was higher than that for male. Conclusion: According to the results, the total hazard quotient (THQ) of non-carcinogenic diseases from the total studied vegetables was above the standard level. On the other hand, the HQ for female was higher than that for male.}, Keywords = {Human, Vegetables, Risk Factor, Arsenic, Lead}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {11-16}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.02}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-434-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-434-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Kharkan, Javad and Sayadi, Mohammad Hossein and Rezaei, Mohammad Rez}, title = {Investigation of heavy metals accumulation in the soil and pine trees}, abstract ={Background: Human activities related to workshops in the cities contribute to the release of heavy metals into the environment, which pose serious risks to the environment and to human health. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the concentration of lead (Pb), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in the pine trees and soil in various land uses of Birjand city, Iran. Methods: The sampling stations were randomly selected from different land uses including parks, streets, carwashes, car repair shops, and car smooth shops in Birjand city. The pine trees (skin and leaves) and soil samples were collected from 15 stations located at different and uses in 2017. To determine the concentration of heavy metals, atomic absorption spectrometer (Contr AA 700) was used. Results: It was revealed that the mean concentration of Pb, Fe and Mn in residential soil was 1.79, 419.39, and 30.76 mg/kg, respectively. Moreover, the Pb, Fe, and Mn concentration in pine skin and leaves was 0.63 – 0.18, 23.05–9.84, and 10.05–3.13 mg/kg, respectively. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) mean of the study areas demonstrated a descending trend for Fe (16.31 mg/kg) Conclusion: According to the results, the soils of car repair and smooth shops as well as carwashes in Birjand are becoming polluted by Pb, Fe, and Mn. Although, it does not threaten the city ecosystem, but with passage of time, these measures will be accumulated due to the soil alkalinity and will reach critical levels.}, Keywords = {Lead, Iron, Manganese, Soil, Cities}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {17-25}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.03}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-461-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-461-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Talaiekhozani, Amirreza and Banisharif, Farhad and Bazrafshan, Maryam and Eskandari, Zeinab and HeydariChaleshtari, Abbas and Moghadam, Ghasem and Amani, Ali Mohamm}, title = {Comparing the ZnO/Fe(VI), UV/ZnO and UV/Fe(VI) processes for removal of Reactive Blue 203 from aqueous solution}, abstract ={Background: Wastewater contaminated with dyes such as Reactive Blue 203 can produce a lot of health problems if it is released into the environment without a suitable treatment. Although there are several studies on dye removal from wastewater, removal of Reactive Blue 203 has not been investigated by hybrid methods. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the removal of Reactive Blue 203 from aqueous solution, using combined processes of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles, Fe(VI) oxidation process, and UV radiation. Methods: The removal of dye from aqueous solution using ZnO nanoparticles, Fe(VI) oxidation process, and UV radiation was individually evaluated. Then, the results of combined methods were compared. Hydraulic retention time (HRT), pH, and temperature were the most important factors which were investigated in this study. Results: ZnO nanoparticles, Fe(VI) oxidation process, and UV radiation were able to remove 97%, 71%, and 47% of the dye in the optimal conditions, respectively. Also, the removal of dye using combination of Fe(VI) oxidation process/UV radiation, ZnO nanoparticles/Fe(VI) oxidation process, and ZnO nanoparticles/UV radiation under optimum conditions was 100%. It seems that the combined methods were significantly more effective than the methods alone for removal of dye from water. Conclusion: UV radiation alone is a simple and efficient method for removal of Reactive Blue 203 from water. Removal of Reactive Blue 203 using Fe(VI) oxidation process can be completed in a fraction of second, therefore, it can be categorized as a rapid reaction.}, Keywords = {Wastewater, Ultraviolet rays, Zinc oxide, Adsorption}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {27-39}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.04}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-435-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-435-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Nasiri, Alireza and Tamaddon, Fatemeh and Mosslemin, Mohammad Hossein and AmiriGharaghani, Majid and Asadipour, Ali}, title = {Magnetic nano-biocomposite CuFe2O4@methylcellulose (MC) prepared as a new nano-photocatalyst for degradation of ciprofloxacin from aqueous solution}, abstract ={Background: Antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin (CIP) are even more important in bacterial resistance, even at low concentrations. The aim of this research was to synthesize CuFe2O4@methylcellulose (MC) as a new nano-photocatalyst for degradation of CIP from aqueous solution. Methods: The nano-photocatalyst (CuFe2O4@MC) was characterized by FESEM, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Powder XRD and EDS analysis confirmed the formation of pure-phase spinel ferrites. After CuFe2O4@MC characterization, the effective parameters in removal efficiency of CIP such as reaction time, initial antibiotic concentration, pH, photocatalyst loading, and degradation kinetic were investigated and conditions were optimized. Then, CIP degradation experiments were conducted on the real sample in the optimal conditions. The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was determined under optimum conditions. Results: The structural characterization of the magnetic nanobiocomposite showed that it is in nanoscale, ferromagnetic property, and thermal stability. The optimal conditions were obtained at pH = 7, irradiation time (90 minutes), photocatalyst loading (0.2 g), and initial concentration of CIP (3 mg/L). The removal efficiency of CIP in the optimal conditions was obtained as 80.74% and 72.87% from the synthetic and real samples, respectively. The removal of COD was obtained as 68.26% in this process. The evaluation of kinetic linear models showed that the photocatalytic degradation process was fitted by pseudo-first order kinetic model and Langmuir-Hinshelwood. CuFe2O4@MC photocatalyst had a good stability and reusability for the fourth runs. Conclusion: The photocatalytic degradation of CIP from aqueous media with CuFe2O4@MC photocatalyst has a high efficiency, which can be used in the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewaters.}, Keywords = {Spinel, Ciprofloxacin, Methylcellulose, Wastewater}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {41-51}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.05}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-463-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-463-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Masoomi, Bahman and Jaafarzadeh, Neamatollah and Tabatabaie, Tayebeh and Kouhgardi, Esmaeil and Jorfi, Sah}, title = {Effects of pre-ozonation and chemical coagulation on the removal of turbidity, color, TOC, and chlorophyll a from drinking water}, abstract ={Background: Ozone can be used as a single technology or in combination with other processes to improve the coagulation- flocculation or biodegradability in order to remove pollutants in natural water treatment. Methods: In this study, the effects of pre-ozonation with coagulant substances on the quality parameters of drinking water were investigated using humic acid, kaolin, clay, and green algae in a pilot scale. This study was conducted under laboratory conditions (at both acidic and alkaline pH in different dosages of ozone and coagulant at ozone contact time with simulated water sample (5-20 minutes) in different scenarios). Results: The highest removal efficiency of parameters in the state of pre-ozonation alone and preozonation with a coagulant was observed at contact time of 20 minutes, ozone dosage of 5 g/h, coagulant dosage of 25 mg/L, at alkaline pH along with a decrease in temperature. So that, the average removal rate of turbidity, total organic carbon (TOC), color, and chlorophyll a in contact time of 20 minutes was 76.9%, 52.8%, 66.6%, and 85%, respectively. However, compared to ozonation under similar conditions, the reduction in turbidity, TOC, color, and chlorophyll a was 36.13%, 24.4%, 32.13%, and 79.6%, respectively. Also, it was revealed that pre-ozonation with coagulant could effectively improve the removal of parameters. Conclusion: However, since pre-ozonation can be effectively used to improve the coagulation efficacy in the drinking water treatment, the pre-ozonation combined with coagulation is proposed as an alternative to conventional coagulation to improve the process of drinking water treatment plant.}, Keywords = {Pilot projects, Drinking water, Water quality, Ozone, Flocculation, Kaolin, Clay, Green algae}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {53-61}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.06}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-464-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-464-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {RajabiAgereh, Sareh and Kiani, Farshad and Khavazi, Kazem and Rouhipour, Hassan and Khormali, Farh}, title = {An environmentally friendly soil improvement technology for sand and dust storms control}, abstract ={Background: Dust storms occur when unchecked, strong, or turbulent winds combine with exposed loose and dried soil surfaces. Sand and dust storms have a significant impact on society, economy, and environment at local, regional, and global levels. The environmental and health hazards of such storms cannot be permanently reduced, however, by taking appropriate measures, its impact can be reduced. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of microbial precipitation of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as a biocompatible agent on soil stabilization and control of dust storms using urease-producing bacteria (UPB) as a biological improvement technique, which were isolated, identified, sprayed on the soil surface. Methods: For this purpose, the erosion of bio-cemented soil samples was investigated experimentally in a wind tunnel under the condition of wind velocity of 0 to 98 km.h-1 in two soil types with sandy and silty texture in a completely randomized design with three replicates. Results: The investigation of the threshold wind velocity of soil particles showed that soil particles began to move at velocity of 8 and 10 km.h-1 in silty and sandy soils, respectively, but in all biological samples (MICP), particles did not move until the wind speed reached 97 km.h-1. It was also revealed that the weight loss of all MICP-treated samples at different wind velocities was significantly reduced compared to the control group. Differences in the amount of soil loss among bio-cemented samples and control treatments were even superior at higher velocities, so that at velocities more than 57 km.h-1, soil losses increased significantly in the control group, while in soils treated with bacteria, soil loss was very low (about 2.5 kg.m-2.h-1). Comparison of the bacteria used in this study also showed that Bacillus infantis and Paenibacillus sp3 had high efficiency in controlling dust storms. Conclusion: The formation of abrasion-resistant surface layers on soil samples treated by bio-cementation showed that cementation by biological methods could be an effective way to stabilize surface particles and control sand and dust storms.}, Keywords = {Urease, Dust storms, Bio cement, Soil loss flux}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {63-71}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.07}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-465-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-465-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Baysal, Asli and Saygin, Hasan and Ustabasi, Gul Siri}, title = {Physicochemical transformation of ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles in sea water and its impact on bacterial toxicity}, abstract ={Background: The enormous properties of metal oxide nanoparticles make it possible to use these nanoparticles in a wide range of products. As their usage and application continue to expand, environmental health concerns have been raised. In order to understand the behavior and effect of metal oxide nanoparticles in the environment, comprehensive and comparable physicochemical and toxicological data on the environmental matrix are required. However, the behavior and effect of nanoparticles in the real environmental matrix, e.g. sea water, are still unknown. Methods: In this study, the effects of zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on the bacteria (gram positive-Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus/gram-negative Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) in sea water were investigated. Furthermore, to better understand the behavior of the toxicity, surface chemistry, sedimentation, dissolution, particle size, and zeta potential of the nanoparticles dispersed in the sea water matrices were investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible (UV-VIS) spectrophotometry, graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometer (GFAAS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS), respectively. Results: The environmental matrix had a significant influence on physicochemical behavior of the tested nanoparticles. Besides, the inhibition of tested bacteria was observed against ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles in the presence of sea water, while there was no inhibition in the controlled condition. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that surface chemistry with exposure to the sea water can have a significant role on the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles and their toxicity.}, Keywords = {Nanoparticle toxicity, Titanium dioxide, Zinc oxide, Sea water, Physicochemical properties, Matrix effect}, volume = {6}, Number = {1}, pages = {73-80}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.08}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-460-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-460-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Naghipour, Dariush and Amouei, Abdoliman and TaherGhasemi, Kamran and Taghavi, Kamr}, title = {Removal of metoprolol from aqueous solutions by the activated carbon prepared from pine cones}, abstract ={Background: Metoprolol (MTP) with its low biodegradability is one of the most dominant micropollutant in the effluent of wastewater treatment plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the removal of metoprolol from aqueous solutions by the activated carbon prepared from pine cones. Methods: The pine cones were activated using thermal activation method. Characteristics of the adsorbent were determined using Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In this study, the influent of different parameters such as pH, contact time, initial concentrations of metoprolol, adsorbent dose, temperature, adsorption isotherms, and kinetics were investigated. Results: The maximum removal efficiency of MTP (89.2%) was obtained at pH=8.5, adsorbent dose=1.5 g, contact time=60 min, and initial concentration=50 mg/L. By increasing the adsorbent dose, the removal efficiency also increased, but the adsorption capacity decreased, however, by increasing the initial concentration, the removal efficiency decreased, but the adsorption capacity increased. The isotherm experimental data for metoprolol was best fitted using the Langmuir model, and kinetic data were better described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic study indicated that the adsorption of MTP by the adsorbent was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic. Conclusion: MTP removal by the activated carbon prepared from pine cones showed that this natural adsorbent is appropriate for removal of metoprolol from aqueous solutions regarding cost, efficiency, and production method.}, Keywords = {Metoprolol, Adsorption, Pine cones, Isotherm, Kinetics, Thermodynamics}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {81-88}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.09}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-491-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-491-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Aali, Rahim and Baragh, Sepideh and Asgari, Esrafil and FouladiFard, Reza and Izanloo, Hassan and Hosseinpoor, Saeed and BagheriHamzyanOlia, Jalhe and Naseri, Roya and MehdipourRabori, Mohse}, title = {Tracking of chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and sulfamethoxazole antibiotic-resistant bacteria from untreated wastewater effluents to receiving river}, abstract ={Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and type of bacteria resistant to chloramphenicol (CHL), erythromycin (E), and sulfamethoxazole (SXT) antibiotics from untreated wastewater effluents to receiving river. Methods: In total, 32 samples were taken from eight sites located in the raw wastewater to the downstream of the receiving Ghotor river in Khoy city. Resistant microorganisms were studied through modified HPC method and CLSI standards. Different and specific colonies were selected and re-cultured in R2A culture medium and enough colonies were used for DNA extraction. Bacterial 16sr RNA target gene was amplified and sequenced. Pseudomonas sp., Comamonas sp., and Thiobacillus sp. were predominant bacterial species identified in water samples. Also, antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) including sul1, ermB, and cmlA1 were tracked by PCR. Results: The average total number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) increased in the downstream (2.4×102 to 2.6×104 CFU/100 mL). The comparison of the results related to the river’s upstream and downstream also indicated a significant difference between ARB and ARGs contents (P<0.05). The average number of bacteria resistant to SXT, E, and CHL antibiotics was obtained to be 2.3×104, 2.3×104, and 3.4×104 CFU/mL, respectively. Finally, the evaluation of water revealed that only the aeration lagoon was able to decline the number of CHL-resistant bacteria (88.9%) while this process increased the number of SXT- (51%) and E- (16%) resistant bacteria. The lowest and highest percentages of the identified genes were related to ermB (12.5%) and sul1 (81.25%), respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, wastewaters play an important role in releasing ARB and their antibiotic resistance genes to downstream of Ghotor rivers in Khoy city.}, Keywords = {Heterotrophic bacteria, Sulfamethoxazole, Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, Polymerase chain reaction, Wastewater, Rivers}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {89-96}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.10}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-506-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-506-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Tymoyrimoghadam, Leili and Momeninejad, Hossein and Baratpour, Parisa and Gohari, Fariba and Ravansalar, Behnam and Momeninejad, Mohsen and Adibzadeh, Amir}, title = {Advanced oxidation of formaldehyde in the aqueous solutions using UVC/S2O82- process: Degradation and mineralization}, abstract ={Background: As a human carcinogen, formaldehyde is a toxic chemical imposing adverse effects on public health and environment. Due to its high reactivity, colorless nature, sustainability, purity in commercial forms, and low prices, the production and consumption of this compound has expanded vastly in industries. Methods: In this study, a UVC photoreactor with a total volume of 120 mL was used and operated in a rotary mode. To determine the residual concentration, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) device was applied whose detector was set at a wavelength of 355 nm and equipped with C18 column (with dimensions of 25 × 4.6 mm i.d, and particle size of 5 µm). Total organic carbon (TOC) was determined using a TOC analyzer. Results: The optimal condition in this study was obtained at pH=3 and formaldehyde concentration of 350 mg, so that the removal of formaldehyde and TOC was 98.2% and 95.1%, respectively, after 35 minutes reaction time. The formaldehyde removal efficiency was assessed in the presence of methanol (MeOH), tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), and salicylic acid (SA) scavengers, and it was indicated that SO4•- radicals were the most effective factors in formaldehyde destruction. By increasing the concentrations of MeOH, TBA, and SA to 2.5 g/L, the degradation efficiency of formaldehyde dropped from 98.02% to 69.78%, 64.68%, and 45.14%, respectively, at 35 minutes reaction time. The removal of formaldehyde in the presence of nitrate was significantly reduced and it had a significant effect on the removal of formaldehyde. Conclusion: In this study, the removal of formaldehyde was investigated in the presence of various anions including bicarbonate, carbonate, chloride, sulfate, and nitrate. According to the results, the UVC/S 2O82- process is a convenient and cost-effective method for the removal of formaldehyde.}, Keywords = { Formaldehyde, Advanced oxidation, Bicarbonates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Nitrates}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {97-104}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.11}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-494-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-494-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {R.Kalankesh, Laleh and Rodríguez-Couto, Susana and DadbanShahama, Yousef and AliAsgarnia, Hossei}, title = {Removal efficiency of nitrate, phosphate, fecal and total coliforms by horizontal subsurface flow-constructed wetland from domestic wastewater}, abstract ={Background: Constructed wetlands are systems designed based on the utilization of natural processes, including vegetation, soil, and their associated microbial assemblage to assist in treating different types of wastewater. Methods: Two local Appalachian plants (Louis latifolia and Phragmites australis) were planted into smallscale constructed wetlands to treat domestic wastewater in the North of Iran. Te influent wastewater and the efuent from each wetland were sampled daily for 120 days. Experiments were conducted based on the mean ± standard deviation (SD) by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: It was found that nitrate, phosphate, fecal and total coliforms were reduced by 84.4%, 94.4%, 96.3%, 93.9% for P. australis and 73.3%, 64.0%, 94.4%, 92.1% for L. latifolia, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, by using the HF-CW technology with L. latifolia and P. australis plants, the treated wastewater fully meets the wastewater discharge parameters of WHO standards.}, Keywords = {Nitrate, Phosphate, Wetland, Wastewater treatment, Iran}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {105-111}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.12}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-507-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-507-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Naghdali, Zohreh and Sahebi, Soleyman and Ghanbari, Reza and Mousazadeh, Milad and AliJamali, Hamzeh}, title = {Chromium removal and water recycling from electroplating wastewater through direct osmosis: Modeling and optimization by response surface methodology}, abstract ={Background: Considering the carcinogenic effects of heavy metals, such as chromium, it is essential to remove these elements from water and wastewater. Direct osmosis is a new membrane technology, which can be a proper alternative to conventional chromium removal processes. Methods: The wastewater samples were collected from an electroplating unit, located in Alborz industrial city, Qazvin, Iran. Magnesium chloride was used as the draw solution, and a semipermeable membrane (Aquaporin) was used in this study. The experiments were designed, using response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) with draw solution concentration (0.5- 1.5 M), feed solution concentration (4-12 mg/L), and experiment time (30-90 minutes) as variable factors. The chromium concentration and water flux were also measured, based on atomic absorption spectrophotometry and water flux equation, respectively. Results: Direct osmosis was highly efficient in chromium removal and water recycling. Water flux and chromium removal efficiency were 15.6 LMH and 85.58%, respectively, under optimal conditions (draw solution = 1.27 mol/L, feed solution = 4 mg/L, and experiment time = 90 min). In terms of validity, the results predicted by the quadratic polynomial model were in good agreement with the responses reported in the laboratory. Conclusion: In direct osmosis, the use of magnesium chloride as the draw solution resulted in the acceptable chromium removal from electroplating wastewater. Using this method, chromium concentration in wastewater reduced to a level lower than the discharge standards, established by Iran’s Department of Environment.}, Keywords = {Direct osmosis, Chromium removal, Electroplating, Optimization}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {113-120}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.13}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-496-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-496-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Moradgholi, Marziye and Massoudinejad, Mohamadreza and Aghayani, Ehsan and Yazdanbakhsh, Ahmadrez}, title = {Performance of electrical stimulated anaerobic baffled reactor for removal of typical pollutants from low-strength municipal wastewater at low temperatures}, abstract ={Background: Although anaerobic system has been successfully used for treating the strong industrial wastewater, its efficiency for low-strength wastewater as municipal wastewater is not satisfying. This study aimed to enhance the capability of an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) for treating municipal wastewater. Methods: A 7-L ABR with 5 compartments was operated for a 287-day period fed with primary effluent from a wastewater treatment plant at 17 to 19°C. The study was conducted in 2 phases. In the first phase, the performance of ABR and in the second phase, the performance of ESABR (ABR integrated with an electrochemical system) were investigated. Results: The results of ABR operation indicated that at hydraulic retention time (HRT) =24 hours, the average removal efficiency of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total phosphorous (TP), and log reduction value (LRV) of coliforms were obtained to be 71%, 75%, 79%, 23%, 30.3%, and 5.8 Log, respectively. In this phase, when the HRT was decreased from 24 to 18 hours and from 18 to 14 hours, the removal efficiency of all parameters by the ABR was decreased. After the shift of ABR operation to ESABR, at HRT=24 hours and current density of 0.78 mA/cm2, the performance of the reactor was enhanced, so that the removal efficiency of BOD, COD, TSS, TKN, TP, and LRV of coliforms were achieved 16.8%, 15%, 4%, 10.7%, 49%, and 1 Log, which was greater than those obtained by ABR. Conclusion: According to the results, this technology (SEABR) is suitable for treating the low-strength municipal wastewater.}, Keywords = {Wastewater, Anaerobic baffled reactor, Electrical stimulated, Treatment}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {121-128}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = { 10.15171/EHEM.2019.14}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-501-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-501-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {YadegarniaNaeini, Firouzeh and Azimzadeh, Hamidreza and MoslehArani, Asghar and Sotoudeh, Ahad and Kiani, Bahm}, title = {Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals from cement factory dust}, abstract ={Background: The release of metals from industrial factories is one of the most important sources of environmental pollution. The present study aimed to determine the concentration of heavy metals like cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), and lead (Pb) in dust around the cement factory. Methods: A total of 22 dust samples were collected from areas around the cement factory in Isfahan province in spring and summer and transferred to laboratory for chemical digestion. Risk index (RI), integrated pollution index (IPI), mean of contamination degree (mCd), and contamination factor (Cfi) were calculated to determine the contamination status. Results: The concentration of heavy metals in the falling dust around the factory was expressed as Cd Conclusion: According to the results, the deposited dust of study area is considered as a polluted dust and it is at higher risk of pollution with Cd and Cr.}, Keywords = {Cement factory, Dust, Environmental pollution, Heavy metals}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {129-137}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.15}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-489-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-489-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Tayebiyan, Aida and AhmadMohammad, Thamer and Malakootian, Mohammad and Nasiri, Alireza and Heidari, Mohammad Reza and Yazdanpanah, Ghazal}, title = {Potential impact of global warming on river runoff coming to Jor reservoir, Malaysia by integration of LARS-WG with artificial neural networks}, abstract ={Background: Changes in temperature and precipitation pattern seriously affect the amount of river runoff coming into Dam Lake. These changes could influence the operating conditions of reservoir systems such as Jor hydropower reservoir system (Malaysia) with the total capacity of 150 MW. So, it is necessary to analyze the effect of changes in weather parameters on the river runoff and consequently, the hydropower production. Methods: In this research, LARS-WG was used to downscale the weather parameters such as daily minimum temperature, maximum temperature, and precipitation based on one of the general circulation sub-model (HADCM3) under three emission scenarios, namely, A1B, A2, and B1 for the next 50 years. Then, the artificial neural network (ANN) was constructed, while rainfall and evapotranspiration were used as input data and river runoff as output data to discover the relationship between climate parameters and runoff at the present and in the future time. Results: It was revealed that the monthly mean temperature will increase approximately between 0.3-0.7°C, while the mean monthly precipitation will vary from -22% to +22% in the next 50 years. These changes could shift the dry and wet seasons and consequently, change the river runoff volume. In most months, the results of models integration showed reductions in river runoff. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the output of hydropower reservoir system is highly dependent on the river runoff. So, the impacts of climate changes should be considered by the reservoir operators/managers to reduce these impacts and secure water supplies.}, Keywords = {Climate change, Neural Networks, Malaysia, Weather, Temperature}, volume = {6}, Number = {2}, pages = {139-149}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = { 10.15171/EHEM.2019.16}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-503-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-503-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Baghaie, Amir Hossein and Aghili, Forough}, title = {Investigation of heavy metals concentration in soil around a PbZn mine and ecological risk assessment}, abstract ={Background: Soil pollution with heavy metals seriously threatens soil quality, food safety, and human health. This study was conducted to determine the soil pollution level and ecological risk assessment of different heavy metals in agricultural soils around Nakhlak Pb-Zn mine, located in Anarak district, Nain county of Isfahan province. Methods: A total of 50 soil samples were collected from agricultural land around Nakhlak mine and analyzed to determine the concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cu, and Mn. The geo-accumulation index (I geo), enrichment factor (EF), and potential ecological-risk index (Er) were used to assess the level of soil pollution with heavy metals. Results: The mean concentrations of Pb, Cd, Zn, Ni, Cu, and Mn were 355, 2.72, 347, 26, 36, and 505 mg/kg, respectively, which were higher than the background values of world soils. Based on the Igeo index, the study area was moderately to heavily contaminated with Pb and Zn, uncontaminated to moderate contaminated with Cd and Cu, and uncontaminated with Mn and Ni. According to the EF values, the study soil was moderately contaminated with Mn, Ni, and Cu, significantly contaminated with Cd and Zn, and highly enriched with Pb. The RI values showed a moderate level of heavy metals contamination in the study soil. Conclusion: According to the results, the ecological risk of heavy metals for ecosystem in agricultural lands around Nakhlak Pb-Zn mine is moderate. However, the contamination status should be considered periodically.}, Keywords = {Soil, Lead, Zinc, Risk assessment, Pollution}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {151-156}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.17}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-521-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-521-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Talaiekhozani, Amirreza and HeydariChaleshtori, Abbas and Banisharif, Farhad and Eskandari, Zeinab and Nasiri, Mohammad and Aminsharei, Farham and Park, Junboum and Rezania, Shahabaldin and Bazrafshan, Maryam}, title = {Removal of Acid Orange 7 dye from wastewater using combination of ultraviolet radiation, ultrasonic method, and MgO nanoparticles}, abstract ={Background: Industrial dyes are toxic and carcinogenic, therefore, they should be removed from wastewater. The aim of this study was to investigate the removal of acid orange 7 Dye from wastewater using ultraviolet (UV) radiation, MgO nanoparticles, ultrasonic method alone and in combination with each other. Methods: The effects of some factors such as temperature, pH, hydraulic retention time (HRT), UV power, and concentration of MgO nanoparticles on the removal of Acid Orange 7 dye from synthetic wastewater using different methods were investigated. Also, adsorption isotherms for MgO nanoparticles and kinetics for UV radiation were investigated. Results: The optimum HRT was 55 minutes while the temperature was not effective in dye removal using the ultrasonic method. Under optimum conditions for UV irradiation method (HRT = 70 minutes, UV power = 170 mW/cm2, and temperature = 10˚C), 58% of the dye was removed. However, under optimum conditions for MgO nanoparticles method (HRT = 15 minutes, temperature = 20˚C, and ratio of MgO nanoparticles to the initial dye concentration = 67.2), 82% of the dye was removed. By combining these methods, the dye removal efficiency was significantly increased. The combination of ultrasonic method and MgO nanoparticles had no significant effect on increasing the dye removal efficiency from wastewater. It was revealed that dye removal using UV radiation can be described by the first-order kinetics. Conclusion: According to the results, UV radiation has a synergistic effect on the dye adsorption process by MgO nanoparticles. Therefore, the combination of these methods can be effective for the removal of dye from wastewater.}, Keywords = {Azo compounds, Ultraviolet rays, Ultrasonic method, Nanoparticles, Waste water, Kinetics}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {157-170}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.18}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-519-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-519-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {AskariHesni, Majid and Hedayati, Seyed Aliakbar and Qadermarzi, Amir and Pouladi, Mojtaba and Zangiabadi, Somayeh and Naqshbandi, Nabat}, title = {Comparison ability of algae and nanoparticles on nitrate and phosphate removal from aquaculture wastewater}, abstract ={Background: Aquaculture wastewater contains high levels of phosphate and nitrate. The reuse of this water requires standards beyond the secondary standards to eliminate more organic pollutants from aquaculture effluents. In this research, the removal of these pollutants from wastewater using Chlorella vulgaris and Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the reactor space was investigated. Methods: This study was conducted on fish farms effluent in the laboratory system. For this purpose, a 5-L semi-industrial reactor with a mixer blade, porous plate, and a compressor was designed. Chlorella vulgaris samples were collected from the natural environment and cultured in the laboratory environment. Also, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were prepared from Iranian Nano Pishgaman Company to make the desired solution. During the experiment (3 weeks), samples were taken weekly (in one phase) from the effluent. Dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, nitrate (NO3), and phosphate (PO4) factors from the influent and effluent of the farms were measured. The statistical data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 and Excel 2013. Results: The amounts of nitrate and phosphate were decreased by about 80.76 and 80.55% in the biological reactor, whereas these amounts were 70.52 and 70.48% in the nanoparticle reactor, respectively. Also, there were significant differences in the amounts of NO3 and PO4 between the control treatment and weekly treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results, both reactors were able to reduce nitrate and phosphate from aquaculture wastewater, but the efficiency of the biological reactor was higher than that of the nanoparticle reactor.}, Keywords = {Nitrate, Phosphate, Fe3O4 nanoparticle, Chlorella vulgaris, Biological refinement}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {171-177}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.19}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-515-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-515-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Aghili, Seyed Mostafa and Mehrdadi, Nasser and Aminzadeh, Behnoush and Zazouli, Mohammad Ali}, title = {An investigation of agricultural use potential of dewatered sewage sludge}, abstract ={Background: One of the useful applications of Dewatered sludge (DWS) of municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is its use as manure in agriculture; therefore, its quality characteristics should be specified. The aim of this research was to determine biological and physicochemical characteristics of DWS of Sari WWTP and compare them with standards, and also to investigate its potential use in agriculture. Methods: Sludge samples were taken from the sewage sludge of Sari WWTP. Sampling and analysis of samples parameters including fecal coliform, salmonella, helminth ova, carbon, nitrogen, C/N, phosphorus, organic matter, potassium, moisture, electrical conductivity, and PH, were performed during four seasons with three replications based on the standard method. Results: The fecal coliform, salmonella, and helminth ova of the DWS were 2.37×106 ± 1.06×106 MPN/1 g d.s weight, 47±12.92 MPN/4 g d.s weight, and 466±61.85 number/4 g d.s weight, respectively, therefore, the DWS of Sari WWTP was categorized in the class B of the EPA standard. The amounts of C/N, organic matter, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, moisture, electrical conductivity, and PH were obtained to be 12.7±1.15, 42.4±3.27%, 24.6±1.89%, 1.94±0.13%, 2.35±0.6%, 0.57±0.13%, 82±3.12%, 1.34±0.21 ds/m, and 7.41± 0.45, respectively. Conclusion: The DWS of Sari WWTP has a good fertility value but it cannot be safely used in agriculture and should be improved for class A by the Processes to Further Reduce Pathogens (PFRP), especially by composting.}, Keywords = {Sewage sludge, Agricultural use, Fertilizer, Pollution control, Dewatered sludge}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {179-184}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.20}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-514-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-514-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Rahman-AlEzzi, Ali Abdul and Alhamdiny, Salam H.}, title = {A new treatment design for water contaminated with phenol}, abstract ={Background: Several important designs have been applied to remove toxic and hazardous organic substances like phenol and phenol compounds from wastewater, but there is a need to seek an alternative design to effectively remove organic pollutants from water to less hazardous compounds and a costeffective system. Methods: A modified internal loop airlift reactor was designed to remove the organic pollutants in synthetic wastewater using an efficient and cost-effective treatment technique by means of a synergistic effect of combination oxidation, stripping, and adsorption. The influence of the current style was experimentally examined in the treatment of synthetic phenol contaminated wastewater. The practical device was tested under different airflow rates range (2-15 L/min) through gross difference retention period (5-60 minutes) at a various molar ratio of phenol to hydrogen peroxide ranging from 1:10 to 1:20. Results: It was revealed that the preferred molar ratio of phenol to hydrogen peroxide equals to 1:20. Moreover, the airflow rate is 15 L/min with longer retention period of 60 minutes, indicating the maximum removal efficiency (89%) of phenol from the synthetic wastewater. Conclusion: Successful removal of phenol from water by the removal efficiency of 89% boosts the success of the executed design as well as the scenario of conducting the synergistic processes (stripping, oxidation and adsorption) in one device and also increases the chances of solving environmental problems via treating wastewater before recycling and releasing it into natural water sources.}, Keywords = {Waste water, Hydrogen peroxide, Oxidation, Stripping, Adsorption, Phenol.}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {185-190}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.21}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-531-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-531-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {RayhanKhan, Md. Abu and HosnaAra, Mosummath and KumarDhar, Palash}, title = {Assessment of heavy metals concentrations in the soil of Mongla industrial area, Bangladesh}, abstract ={Background: Contamination of soil with heavy metals is an alarming issue around the world. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the contamination status of heavy metals in the soil of Mongla industrial area, Bangladesh. Methods: Soil samples were randomly collected from 20 sites and digested by wet digestion method. The concentrations of heavy metals (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The quality of soil was assessed based on the contamination factor (CF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), enrichment factor (EF), and ecological risk index factor (ERIF) analyses. Results: The average concentrations of Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb were obtained to be 258.08 ± 51.61, 3736.90 ± 322.17, 19.55 ± 6.49, 66.76 ± 18.32, 0.59 ± 0.13, and 10.40 ± 1.49 mg kg-1, respectively, which were below the permissible limit. The highest value of CF (0.74 ± 0.16), Igeo (0.35 ± 0.34), EF (24.86 ± 6.27), and PERIF (22.11 ± 4.81) was observed for Cd. The pollution of CF, Igeo, EF, and ERIF was classified as very severely polluted, unpolluted to moderately polluted, strongly to extremely polluted, and slightly polluted, respectively, with these heavy metals due to anthropogenic activities. One-way ANOVA indicated a significant difference between Zn and Cd concentrations (P < 0.05), whereas Pearson correlation showed a positive correlation between Zn-Pb (P = 0.01) and Fe-Zn (P = 0.05). Conclusion: There are different classes of contamination with heavy metals in the study area. Therefore, necessary steps should be taken and people’s awareness of the soil pollution should be raised.}, Keywords = {Soil pollution, Heavy metals, Contamination factor, Geoaccumulation index, Enrichment factor, Ecological risk index factor}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {191-202}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.22}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-524-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-524-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Bagheri, Marzieh and Mardani, Esmail}, title = {Removal of Acid Orange 7 dye from aqueous solutions using polyaniline-modified rice bran: isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics}, abstract ={Background: Today, due to increasing usage of dyes in various industrials and their destructive effects on health and environment, it is necessary to remove them from industrial wastes. Although there are few studies on the use of rice bran modified with polyaniline (RB/PANI) for removal of different dyes, but the effect of this adsorbent on the removal of Acid Orange 7 (AO7) dye has not been evaluated yet. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the removal of AO7 dye by RB/PANI as an adsorbent. Methods: The adsorbent characteristics were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. Also, the adsorbent surface area was measured by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) technique. The method of one-factor-at-a-time was used to optimize various factors including pH, temperature, and adsorbent dosage. Results: The optimal values for the factors affecting AO7 dye removal were calculated. It was revealed that the maximum dye removal was obtained at pH = 3, temperature = 25˚C, dye concentration = 30 mg/L, adsorbent dosage = 30 mg/L, and contact time= 60 minutes. The maximum removal percentage for RB/PANI was 97.13%. It was also revealed that Langmuir isotherm is the best fitted isotherm model. Conclusion: According to the results, the polyaniline-modified rice bran could be used as an excellent adsorbent for the removal of AO7 from aqueous solutions. The maximum dye removal efficiency for AO7 was obtained at pH = 3. Also, it was revealed that AO7 dye removal follows the pseudo second order kinetic model and it is a spontaneous process.}, Keywords = {Temperature, Adsorption, Coloring agents, Kinetics, Thermodynamics}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {203-213}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.23}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-527-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-527-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Amin, Mohammad Mehdi and Hashemi, Majid and Ebrahimpour, Karim and Chavoshani, Afsane}, title = {Determination of parabens in wastewater and sludge in a municipal wastewater treatment plant using microwaveassisted dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry}, abstract ={Background: Due to the complexities involved in the extraction of micropollutants, the information regarding micropollutants like paraben in wastewater and sludge is scarce. The aim of this study was to adopt a microwave-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction (MADLLME) method for the extraction of parabens in municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Methods: A mixed stock solution of methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, and butyl-parabens with concentration of 10 mg/mL were prepared in methanol. To validate this method, the limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), linearity, and m/z were measured. To adopt this method in different condition, the effect of pH (3, 7, 9, and 12), microwave power (180, 300, 450, and 600 W), solvent type (methanol, acetone, methanol/water, acetone/water), and 1 g folorisil were assessed. After adopting MADLLME method, the paraben fate of this WWTP was evaluated through mass loading and emission. Results: The optimum performance of MADLLME method was observed at pH = 7, microwave power= 450 W, reaction time = 30 s, and methanol as the solvent. The total concentrations of four paraben metabolites in the WWTP ranged between 2505 ng/L in influent, 1953 ng/L in effluent, and 8.03 ng/g at wet weight sludge samples. The total mass loading and emission of four parabens in this WWTP was 0.672 mg/d/1000 people and 0.186 mg/d/1000 people, respectively. Conclusion: MADLLME method seems to be an excellent alternative, as a green extraction technique, for determining various groups of emerging micropollutants in different matrices.}, Keywords = {Paraben, Environment, Municipal sludge, Dispersive liquid-liquid micro-extraction, Microwave-assisted extraction}, volume = {6}, Number = {3}, pages = {215-224}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.24}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-530-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-530-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {NakhaeiPour, Mojtaba and Rangkooy, Hossein Ali and Jahani, Fereshteh and Golbaghi, Ameneh and Shojaee-FarahAbady, Hosein and Nematpour, Leil}, title = {Removal of styrene by the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles coated on the activated carbon adsorbent in the presence of UV irradiation}, abstract ={Background: Volatile organic compounds are the major environmental pollutants causing adverse effects on the human health and the environment, therefore, tremendous effort has been put toward eliminating these compounds. Methods: In this study, the effect of synthesized nanoparticles on the removal of styrene from gas phase by photocatalytic process under UV irradiation in the cylindrical photoreactor was studied. The activated carbon-zinc oxide (AC-ZnO) catalysts were prepared at different weight ratios (6%, 12%, and 18%) of ZnO. The prepared catalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Brunauer Emmett-Teller (BET) analyses. The effects of various parameters, such as concentrations of styrene, various weight percentage (wt%) of nanoparticles, and UV irradiation, were investigated. The efficiency of the AC-ZnO catalyst was determined based on its adsorption capacity, breakthrough time, and removal efficiency. Results: It was revealed that the photocatalytic removal efficiency of styrene was high in the presence of both ZnO nanoparticle and AC under UV light. Under optimal conditions, the efficiency of UV/ACZnO 18%, UV/AC-ZnO 12%, and UV/AC-ZnO 6% catalysts was 77%, 86%, and 83%, respectively. By increasing the concentration of input styrene, the photocatalytic removal efficiency was reduced, while the adsorption capacity of styrene increased. Conclusion: According to the results, the AC-ZnO 12% exhibited higher activity compared to other photocatalysts. Also, the amount of stabilized ZnO nanoparticles on the activated carbon affects the elimination rate of styrene.}, Keywords = {Photocatalysis, Activated carbon, Styrene, Zinc oxide}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {225-232}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.25}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-550-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-550-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Fooladi, Mahta and Moogouei, Roxana and Jozi, Seyed Ali and Golbabaei, Farideh and Tajadod, Golnaz}, title = {Phytoremediation of BTEX from indoor air by Hyrcanian plants}, abstract ={Background: Phytoremediation is one of the available and simple techniques for removing benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) from indoor air. This study aimed to evaluate phytoremediation of low concentrations of BTEX by Hyrcanian plants including Ruscus hyrcanus and Danae racemosa. Methods: The test chamber was used to evaluate the removal of BTEX. Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene were injected into the chamber using Gastight syringes (Hamilton) to generate the concentration of 10 (benzene), 20 (toluene), 20 (ethylbenzene), and 50 (xylene) μL/L Results: Ruscus hyrcanus was able to remove BTEX (10, 20, 20, and 50 μL/L) from air after 3 days. D. racemosa could uptake BTEX (10, 20, 20, and 50 μL/L) from air after 4 days. Removal efficiency was calculated based on leaf area and volume of the chamber. R. hyrcanus showed the highest removal efficiency ranged from 8.5075 mg/m3/h.cm2 for benzene to 86.66 mg/m3/h.cm2 for xylene. The increase in BTEX phytoremediation was assessed after repeated exposures. A significant phytoremediation efficiency was obtained after the third injection of BTEX to the chamber. Afterwards, the effects of BTEX on anatomical and morphological structure of plants were studied. The results of Photomicrography showed that tissue structures of leaves and stems changed. Study of D. racemosa and R. hyrcanus stems showed that vascular bundles also changed. The development of crystal in vacuole of spongy parenchyma was the main anatomical change of R. hyrcanus and D. racemose compared to the control samples. Conclusion: It can be concluded that R. hyrcanus and D. racemosa can be used for phytoremediation of indoor air pollution.}, Keywords = {Volatile organic compounds, Air pollution, Indoor, Plant leaves, Sick building syndrome}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {233-240}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.26}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-549-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-549-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Edwin, Tivany and Ihsan, Taufiq and Rahmatika, Aufa and Darlis, N}, title = {Impact of chlorpyrifos toxicity on gill damage of two species of freshwater fish in Lake Diatas}, abstract ={Background: Lake Diatas is one of the important lake which is influenced by agricultural activities around the lake, and chlorpyrifos is widely used as a pesticide in this area. This study aimed to analyze the damage of the gill tissue of Oreochromis niloticus L. and Cyprinus carpio L. as two freshwater fish, which are mostly caught to be consumed by the residents in Lake Diatas, Indonesia, that were exposed to chlorpyrifos. Methods: Acclimatization was performed for 14 days and continued with toxicity test for 30 days. Chlorpyrifos exposure was tested at various concentrations. Fish gill tissue was observed microscopically in 10, 20, and 30 days of exposure, and damages were scored based on the level of gill tissue damage. Results: It was revealed that O. niloticus L. experienced edema, proximal basal hyperplasia, fusion, hyperplasia in all secondary lamellae, and necrosis at the higher exposure concentration. While C. carpio L. experienced fusion, hyperplasia, clubbing, necrosis, and obvious degradation of gill tissue of fish after 30 days of exposure to chlorpyrifos. There was a significant difference in the damage of fish gill tissue between each variation treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, the higher the concentration of chlorpyrifos and the longer the exposure time, the higher the level of damage in gill tissue.}, Keywords = {Chlorpyrifos, Lakes, Gills, Toxicity tests}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {241-246}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.27}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-552-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-552-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Yousefi, Zabihollah and Ala, Alireza and Babanezhad, Esmaeil and AliMohammadpour, Rez}, title = {Evaluation of exposure to phthalate esters through the use of various brands of drinking water bottled in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers under different storage conditions}, abstract ={Background: There are many concerns about the migration of phthalates into bottled water. These compounds are hazardous to consumers. In this study, the risk factors of the use of various brands of drinking water bottled in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) containers under different storage conditions were examined. Methods: Phthalate esters were measured and analyzed using air-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction (AALLME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Subsequently, the risk of exposure to the desired compounds was evaluated by calculating the risk factor and excess cancer risk. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 24 software. Results: The average concentration of phthalate esters (DEHP, DBP, DIBP, DEP, and DMP) after 5 and 15 days of storage at incubator temperature of 42°C, and after 15, 45, and 75 days at incubator temperature of 25°C by increasing the initial level of the conditions was 7.28, 8.99, 1.78, 5.6, 6.45, and 8.55 ppb, respectively. The risk factor of non-carcinogenic effects of phthalates for consumers was low and can be ignored (HQ<1). Also, the risk of additional cancer due to the presence of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in bottled water is very low (4.8551×10-6). Conclusion: However, due to the increase in the concentration of phthalate esters in bottled water by increasing the storage time and temperature, as well as increasing the ethylene hexyl phthalate content from its established limit, the use of bottled water kept in unsuitable conditions for the society, and especially the sensitive groups, is not appropriate.}, Keywords = {Phthalate esters, Bottled water, Storage conditions, Risk assessment, Various brands}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {247-255}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.28}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-548-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-548-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Çalık, Ahmet}, title = {Comparison of decision-making approaches to prioritization of clean air action plans for sustainable development}, abstract ={Background: Clean air action plans have been prepared and are still being implemented in Turkey to control and prevent air pollution, and improve the air quality. The plans reveal a picture of the current situation and available inventory information. However, in order to implement the identified plans in real life, they need to be prioritized. This study aimed to identify and prioritize clean air action plans for Turkey using a framework of both fuzzy and crisp evaluations. Methods: In this study, priorities of the plans were identified and analyzed with a decision-making model. A three-step research methodology was provided. First, literature was reviewed regarding sustainable development and action plans. Second, in order to narrow and specify action plans, the nominal group technique (NGT) was implemented. Finally, fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and best-worst method (BWM) surveys were applied to environmental engineers and experts working on sustainable development to prioritize the action plans. Results: It was revealed that heating dimension is considered as the most important criterion with the weight of 0.7469 in fuzzy AHP and 0.758 in BWM. AP1 with a weight of 0.3356 in fuzzy AHP and AP3 with a weight of 0.3289 in BWM were the most important sub-criteria, which are the plans for reducing coal use ranked at the forefront in reducing air pollution. Conclusion: According to the results, there is no significant difference in the priority ranking results. The results of fuzzy AHP and BWM are very similar. For example, traffic criterion has the best performance in both methods in the evaluation of decision makers. In addition, the main and sub-criteria with the lowest priority are the same in these two methods.}, Keywords = {Air pollution, Cities, Decision making, Surveys and questionnaires}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {257-268}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.29}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-559-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-559-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Ghasemian, Mohammad and Taheri, Ensiyeh and Fatehizadeh, Ali and Amin, Mohammad Mehdi}, title = {Biological hydrogen production from synthetic wastewater by an anaerobic migrating blanket reactor: Artificial neural network (ANN) modeling}, abstract ={Background: This study aimed to evaluate an anaerobic migrating blanket reactor (AMBR) for biological hydrogen production, and also to investigate its capability to treat synthetic wastewater. Methods: A five-compartment AMBR (9 L effective volume) was made by Plexiglas and seeded with thermal pretreated anaerobic sludge at 100°C for 30 minutes. The AMBR was operated at mesophilic temperature (37 ± 1°C) with continuous fed of synthetic wastewater at five organic loading rates (OLRs) of 0.5 to 8 g COD/L.d. Results: It was revealed that as the OLR increased from 0.5 to 8 g COD/L.d, the hydrogen production and also volumetric hydrogen production rate (VHPR) improved. Increasing the OLR over this range, led to a decrease in the average hydrogen yield from 1.58 ± 0.34 to 0.97 ± 0.45 mol H2/mol glucose. The concentration of both volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and solvents kept increasing with OLR. During the AMBR operation, the dominant soluble end products (SEPs) were acetic and butyric acids in all of the OLRs studied. Conclusion: Based on the results, the hydrogen yield was related to the acetate/butyrate fermentation. The artificial neural network (ANN) model was well-fitted to the experimental obtained data from the AMBR, and was able to simulate the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and hydrogen production.}, Keywords = {AMB reactor, Fatty acids, Fermentation, Hydrogen, Wastewater treatment}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {269-276}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.30}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-556-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-556-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Feizi, Rozhan and Jaafarzadeh, Nematollah and Akbari, Hamideh and Jorfi, Sah}, title = {Evaluation of lead and cadmium concentrations in lipstick and eye pencil cosmetics}, abstract ={Background: The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in lipstick and eye pencil cosmetics of different grades in the markets of Iran. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Ahvaz city in 2018. Sixty different samples of lipstick and eye pencil of three common brands were selected and analyzed using the Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and the results were compared with standard values recommended by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The analysis of lipsticks was based on producer country and colors and producer country only for eye pencil. Results: The mean concentrations of Pb and Cd were 41.86 and 53.42 µg/g, respectively. Concentrations of lead were higher than those of Cd in lipsticks, while for eye pencil, Cd showed higher concentrations. The overall results indicated that in all brands and colors of lipsticks, only 33% of the samples had Pb content less than the FDA limit, and among lipstick samples, 44% had Cd concentration less than the FDA limit of 3 μg/g, however, in 100% of the eye pencil samples, the concentration of Cd was higher than the recommended value of 3 μg/g. Conclusion: Given the health risks of exposure to heavy metals and in order to increase community awareness about the harmful effects of cosmetics, it is necessary to monitor the concentration of these toxic elements in these products and encourage the manufactures to meet the FDA standards.}, Keywords = {Lead, Cadmium, Cosmetics, Environmental pollution}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {277-282}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.31}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-558-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-558-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} } @article{ author = {Albert, Marie and Lemdan, Mohamed and Cuny, Damien and Duriez, Patrick and Escutnaire, Joséphine and Gueugniaud, Pierre-Yves and Wiel, Eric and Hubert, Hervé and DiPompeo, Christophe}, title = {Analysis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and ozone pollution: A qualitative study}, abstract ={Background: Air pollution is increasingly associated with cardiovascular events. As for ozone (O3) pollution, results are inconsistent though O3 levels are associated with hospital admissions, global mortality, and respiratory, and cardiovascular mortality. Methods: In this time-stratified case-crossover study, the associations between short-term exposure to O3 (on an hourly and daily scale) and out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) were investigated. Specific subgroups were explored by sex, age, diabetes status, for OHCA during non-holiday periods. Data were collected in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region, France, in 2015. Data were statistically analyzed using conditional logistic regression (CLR). Results: The study included 1039 cases of OHCA. Significant negative associations were found between OHCA and O3 levels measured in 3 or 4 days before the arrest for all the people, and 1, 2 or 3 days before the arrest for men. As for OHCA during non-holiday periods, there was no significant negative associations but a positive association was revealed for women between OHCA and O3 levels measured in 5 days before the arrest (OR=1.53, P = 0.008). Conclusion: According to the results, OHCA should be investigated during non-holiday periods to control potential confounders that would lead to negative associations. Women might be a susceptible subgroup to O3 pollution.}, Keywords = {Heart arrest, Ozone, Air pollution, Epidemiology, Environmental health}, volume = {6}, Number = {4}, pages = {283-289}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, title_fa = {}, abstract_fa ={}, keywords_fa = {}, doi = {10.15171/EHEM.2019.32}, url = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-557-en.html}, eprint = {http://ehemj.com/article-1-557-en.pdf}, journal = {Environmental Health Engineering And Management Journal}, issn = {2423-3765}, eissn = {2423-4311}, year = {2019} }